ACNE

ACNE (PIMPLES):

Acne, commonly known as pimples, is a skin condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells, leading to the formation of blackheads, whiteheads, pimples, or cysts. Acne can appear on the face, neck, chest, back, and shoulders, causing physical discomfort and impacting self-esteem. Factors such as hormones, genetics, diet, stress, and skincare products can contribute to acne development. Treatment options range from topical creams and medications to procedures like chemical peels, microdermabrasion, and laser therapy. At [Clinic Name], our dermatologists specialize in diagnosing and treating acne, offering personalized skincare regimens and advanced treatments to help patients achieve clear and healthy skin. Contact us today to schedule a consultation and start your journey towards acne-free skin.

Why do I need treatment of acne (pimples) ?

One prevalent myth is that acne should be left untreated as it will naturally resolve itself. We strongly caution against this belief because untreated acne can result in unwanted pigmented marks (dark spots) and permanent scars on the skin. These lasting changes often have psychological consequences, including diminished self-esteem, feelings of depression, and increased anxiety. It is advisable to seek early treatment for acne to prevent post-inflammatory pigmentation and acne scars from developing.

ACNE: CAUSES

How does acne develop? Why does acne occurs?

Acne development involves four fundamental mechanisms.

• Normal shedding of skin or hair cells
• Production of excess sebum by sebaceous glands, which lubricates the hair and skin
• Inflammation due to bacterial overgrowth
• Hormonal fluctuations

How do hormones affect acne?

Sebaceous glands are particularly responsive to hormonal fluctuations. During adolescence, hormonal changes lead to enlarged sebaceous glands and increased sebum production. Additionally, hormonal acne is more prevalent in women, often linked to conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Women over 30 commonly experience pre-menstrual flares of acne, known as menstrual acne.

What are other factors which influence acne?

Diet- Foods that can contribute to acne include dairy products, especially skimmed milk, high-glycemic index foods like sweets, certain chocolates, and whey protein supplements. It's advisable to limit excessive and continuous consumption of carbohydrate-rich or fatty foods such as pizza, burgers, and French fries.

External factors- Using oil-based creams, makeup, cosmetics, and excessive amounts of soap or face wash can exacerbate acne.

Life styles which worsen acne- Stress, Sedenetary lifestyle and lack of proper sleep.

Family history

How does pimple form ?

Normal shedding of skin or hair cells, along with excess sebum, can lead to the formation of a plug that blocks the opening of a hair follicle, known as a comedone. Excessive sebum production can cause an overgrowth of the normal bacterial flora, particularly Cutibacterium acnes, leading to inflammation. This inflammation can result in the formation of papules (red bumps) and pustules (yellow bumps), which may progress to nodules and cysts over time.

What are the symptoms of Acne ?

• blackheads, whiteheads, red or yellow bumps, and painful nodules or cysts.
• Acne can cause itching and pain, as well as symptoms like headaches and fever in severe cases.
• After acne heals, it often leaves red-brown spots on the skin that may take several months to fade.
• Post-acne scars, especially from cysts and nodules, are common and can become visible after the acne clears.
• Acne can impact mental health, leading to low self-esteem and feelings of depression in some individuals.

What are the types of acne?

• Blackheads (Open Comedones):Small, dark spots that form when the hair follicles become clogged with excess sebum and dead skin cells, leading to oxidation and a dark color.
• Whiteheads (Closed Comedones):Similar to blackheads but covered by a thin layer of skin, appearing as small white or flesh-colored bumps.
• Papules: Small, red, inflamed bumps without pus.
• Pustules: Red bumps with pus at the center, often referred to as pimples.
• Nodules:Large, solid, painful lumps beneath the surface of the skin.
• Cysts:Deep, pus-filled lumps that are often painful and can cause scarring.

What are common sites of acne?

• Face-most common:-Acne is common among teenagers, particularly in the T-zone of the face, which includes the forehead, nose, and sides of the nose. The cheeks and forehead are also commonly affected areas. Hormonal acne tends to develop on the lower face around the jawline.
• Back acne:-shoulders and upper back commonly involved. Sometimes whole back may have acne.
• Chest & arms
• Buttocks

How Is Acne Diagnosed?

Acne diagnosis relies on facial assessment, but it's crucial to differentiate it from other conditions that mimic acne. Additionally, assessing the severity of acne is vital in determining the appropriate treatment plan. Dermatologists evaluate acne severity based on the type of lesions present, categorizing it into four grades.

How is acne cured or removed?

Certainly, while acne can be effectively treated, there isn't a one-size-fits-all solution for complete eradication. Treatment typically involves a multifaceted approach, including medical therapy such as topical and oral medications, clean-ups, chemical peels, and scar treatments. The specific treatment plan is tailored to each individual based on factors like the severity of the condition, skin analysis, and medical history.

Acne creams

The most common type of acne medication is topical acne creams. The best acne creams include retinoids (such as tretinoin and adapalene), benzoyl peroxide, and antibiotics like clindamycin. These creams work by reducing oil production or killing bacteria. However, using topical antibiotics like clindamycin alone is discouraged due to the risk of antibiotic resistance. Acne removal creams are particularly effective for mild acne (grade I) or as part of a comprehensive treatment plan for severe acne.

Anti Acne soaps & anti acne facewash

Soaps with a pH of 5.5 and face washes containing ingredients like benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, azelaic acid, tea tree oil, and zinc are generally beneficial in complementing acne treatment. However, it's important to avoid excessive use of face wash, as it can potentially exacerbate acne.

Treatments that work in the body

For grade 2, 3, or 4 acne, your dermatologist may prescribe any of the following treatments individually or in combination:

• Oral antibiotics
• Oral retinoids
• Birth control pills and other hormonal medications

DAILY SKIN CARE ROUTINE IN ACNE

Here are some tips for your daily skincare routine to help reduce acne:

• Maintain good personal hygiene, include yoga and daily exercise in your routine.
• Use a gentle, non-abrasive, alcohol-free cleanser with your fingertips.
• Avoid harsh scrubbing or aggressive skincare routines to prevent worsening acne and frictional pigmentation.
• If your skin is oily, consider using face wash with ingredients like salicylic acid or tea tree oil, but avoid excessive washing.
• After workouts, avoid rubbing sweat on your face; gently clean your face instead.
• Regularly wash your hair, especially if it tends to be oily.
• Refrain from picking or squeezing acne, as it prolongs healing and can cause pigmented spots.
• Minimize touching your face to prevent the spread of germs.
• Consult a dermatologist if conservative treatments and daily care tips are not clearing your acne.
• When using retinoid gels, manage dryness by using a small amount and applying gently only to affected areas.
• During treatment for post-acne pigmentation, avoid excessive sun exposure.